ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 social distancing policies resulted in reductions in community movement, however fall rates during this time have not been described. METHODS: This prospective study included adults ≥65 years old participating in the Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Older Adults (AMBROSIA) cohort and who completed ≥1 monthly falls calendar (August 2019-March 2021; n=250). Months were grouped to correspond to the fall 2020 phased re-opening (August-October) and the shelter-in-place policy during the winter 2020 surge (November-January) in Los Angeles, California and compared to the same months, one year earlier (i.e., before the pandemic). RESULTS: Participants had a mean (SD) age of 75.2 (6.1) years, 49.6% were White, and 53.2% were women. We obtained 2,795 falls calendars during follow-up. Overall, 110 (44.0%) participants reported a total of 421 falls (rate 15.1 per 100 calendar months). The highest monthly fall rate during the pandemic was 22.9 (95% CI 16.4-31.1) per 100 calendar-months in August 2020. The lowest fall rate during the pandemic was 8.6 (95% CI 3.5-17.8) per 100 calendar-months in February 2021. During the pandemic, fall rates in August, September, and October 2020 were higher than the previous year (rate ratio 1.8 [95% CI 1.1-2.9]) and fall rates in November and December 2020 and January 2021 were lower than the previous year (rate ratio 0.5 [95% CI 0.4-0.8]). CONCLUSIONS: As the pandemic continues and older adults resume community mobility after a shelter-in-place period, providers should pay attention to the risk of falls.
ABSTRACT
Purpose This study aims to investigate the basic public service level in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region under the impact of COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach This study constructed a basic public service-level evaluation system from the five dimensions of education, culture, health, social security and infrastructure and environment, and measures the basic public service level in 13 cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei using the entropy method. The spatial pattern and dynamic evolution of the public service level are analysed from the perspective of dynamic trends in time series and spatial distribution, along with the reasons for the evolution of spatial distribution. Findings (1) The basic public service level in the 13 cities is generally on the rise, but the trend is unstable. (2) The basic public service level in space shows a general trend of attenuation from northeast to southwest, with significant spatial imbalance and orientation. (3) The regional differences first increase and then decrease. (4) The inter-group mobility of different basic public service levels is low, and cities with lower initial levels find it difficult to achieve leapfrog development. Moreover, the health service level of the region is still at a low stage, which is not conducive to effectively preventing and controlling the epidemic. Originality/value From the perspective of this research, the spatial pattern and dynamic evolution of basic public service were adopted to analyse the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Furthermore, this study discusses how to improve the basic public service level to ensure sustainable operation in the region under the impact of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Under the background of COVID-19, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model of strategic management of logistics enterprises and local governments from cost and revenue to ensure the effective distribution of fresh agricultural products. It analyzes the evolution path of decision-making behavior and the stable parts that promote the model to achieve equilibrium. The results show that the decisions of game players will affect each other, and the final strategy choice is directly related to the input cost, the value-added amplification factor of income, the reward, and punishment. Because the model eventually has two evolutionary stable states, strengthening the cooperation between logistics enterprises and local governments will help to improve the efficiency of the effective distribution of fresh agricultural products and provide a theoretical reference for the effective distribution of fresh agricultural products under other public health events. At the same time, it is also of certain significance to further solve the problem of farmers’ income in the three rural issues. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.